Computers and the Internet have revolutionized modern life and industry in unprecedented ways. Their greatest impact has been their ability to speed up communication and information exchange in various application domains as well as facilitate automation and service delivery in areas such as healthcare, education, commerce, law enforcement, supply chain, logistics, aerospace, and manufacturing. Internet-based computing systems and networks not only provide a unique platform for commercial entities to run their services and store sensitive data but also allows individuals to stay connected with friends and family and build social networks with people of similar interests. Some of these online activities, such as private conversations, intellectual property, and personally identifying information, need some measure of secrecy or discretion (Xiao & Guo, 2020). Otherwise, their disclosure to unauthorized parties could cause irreparable losses or damage. It is for this reason that netwo...